Madison's plan to stop partisan factions from selfishness was to arm government with checks and balances,
separation of powers, and federalism.

Question

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James Madison, in Federalist No. 51, argued that the structure of a new government must provide the proper checks and balances between the different departments, and this concept was embodied in the U.S. Constitution through the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, as well as through the system of federalism, which divides power between the federal government and the states. These mechanisms were designed to prevent any one faction or group from gaining too much power, thus protecting against tyranny and abuse.

Madison's Plan to Stop Partisan Factions from Selfishness Was to Arm