The contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on a bone because

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Muscles are attached to bones by tendons, which are strong fibrous connective tissues. When a muscle contracts, the force generated by the contraction is transmitted through the tendon to the bone, causing the bone to move. Ligaments connect bones to other bones and do not play a direct role in muscle contraction. Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that help reduce friction between tissues, but they do not attach muscles to bones. Muscle fibers do not attach directly to the periosteum of the bone, but rather to the tendon that attaches to the periosteum. The elongation of muscles upon contraction is not a correct statement; rather, muscles become shorter and thicker when they contract.

The Contraction of a Muscle Exerts a Pull on a Bone