The key factors determining the types and numbers of organisms found in the various layers of both freshwater and marine systems include all of the following, except

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Parasitism is a relationship between two organisms where one benefits at the expense of the other. While parasitism can affect the health and abundance of certain species, it is not a key factor in determining the types and numbers of organisms found in freshwater and marine systems. The other choices, including availability of nutrients, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and availability of food, all play important roles in shaping aquatic ecosystems.

The Key Factors Determining the Types and Numbers of Organisms