A major difficulty with the infant industry argument for protection is that

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The infant industry argument for protection is based on the assumption that a new industry needs protection from foreign competition until it becomes established and can compete on its own. One major difficulty with this argument is that it is difficult to measure the production externalities and the potential benefits to the economy from the growth of the infant industry. There is uncertainty about whether the industry will be able to compete and whether the benefits of protecting it will outweigh the costs of the protection.

A Major Difficulty with the Infant Industry Argument for Protection