A nurse is caring for an older adult client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia.The client asks the nurse what can be done to decrease the risk for developing pneumonia in the future.Which responses by the nurse are the most appropriate? Select all that apply.

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A) Research indicates a high rate of pneumonia in clients with frequent exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol use. Smoking injures tissues in the airways and decreases the action of cilia. Chemicals in cigarettes have a numbing effect on the cough reflex. Alcohol interferes with the actions of macrophages. Studies suggest that supplements containing micronutrients that approximate the recommended dietary allowances can assist in preventing infections. A balanced diet can also decrease the risk of respiratory infections. Pneumonia vaccines can also be considered to decrease the risk of development in the future. There is not an established body of scientific evidence that supports the claim that L. casei immunitas cultures can improve immune function. Telling the client he cannot decrease his risk in the future is incorrect.
B) Research indicates a high rate of pneumonia in clients with frequent exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol use. Smoking injures tissues in the airways and decreases the action of cilia. Chemicals in cigarettes have a numbing effect on the cough reflex. Alcohol interferes with the actions of macrophages. Studies suggest that supplements containing micronutrients that approximate the recommended dietary allowances can assist in preventing infections. A balanced diet can also decrease the risk of respiratory infections. Pneumonia vaccines can also be considered to decrease the risk of development in the future. There is not an established body of scientific evidence that supports the claim that L. casei immunitas cultures can improve immune function. Telling the client he cannot decrease his risk in the future is incorrect.
C) Research indicates a high rate of pneumonia in clients with frequent exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol use. Smoking injures tissues in the airways and decreases the action of cilia. Chemicals in cigarettes have a numbing effect on the cough reflex. Alcohol interferes with the actions of macrophages. Studies suggest that supplements containing micronutrients that approximate the recommended dietary allowances can assist in preventing infections. A balanced diet can also decrease the risk of respiratory infections. Pneumonia vaccines can also be considered to decrease the risk of development in the future. There is not an established body of scientific evidence that supports the claim that L. casei immunitas cultures can improve immune function. Telling the client he cannot decrease his risk in the future is incorrect.
D) Research indicates a high rate of pneumonia in clients with frequent exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol use. Smoking injures tissues in the airways and decreases the action of cilia. Chemicals in cigarettes have a numbing effect on the cough reflex. Alcohol interferes with the actions of macrophages. Studies suggest that supplements containing micronutrients that approximate the recommended dietary allowances can assist in preventing infections. A balanced diet can also decrease the risk of respiratory infections. Pneumonia vaccines can also be considered to decrease the risk of development in the future. There is not an established body of scientific evidence that supports the claim that L. casei immunitas cultures can improve immune function. Telling the client he cannot decrease his risk in the future is incorrect.
E) Research indicates a high rate of pneumonia in clients with frequent exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol use. Smoking injures tissues in the airways and decreases the action of cilia. Chemicals in cigarettes have a numbing effect on the cough reflex. Alcohol interferes with the actions of macrophages. Studies suggest that supplements containing micronutrients that approximate the recommended dietary allowances can assist in preventing infections. A balanced diet can also decrease the risk of respiratory infections. Pneumonia vaccines can also be considered to decrease the risk of development in the future. There is not an established body of scientific evidence that supports the claim that L. casei immunitas cultures can improve immune function. Telling the client he cannot decrease his risk in the future is incorrect.

A Nurse Is Caring for an Older Adult Client Admitted