What factor plays a key role in determining why the population of Japan will most likely age more quickly than the Canadian population?

Question

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Japan's fertility rate has been consistently below the replacement rate (2.1 births per woman) for many decades. This means that the number of children born in Japan is not enough to replace the number of adults who die or migrate out of the country. As a result, Japan's population is growing older as there are more elderly people than young people. Canada's fertility rate is also below the replacement rate but not as low as Japan's.

What Factor Plays a Key Role in Determining Why the Population