Various experiments have shown that avoidance responding
A)will not be acquired unless there is an external CS
B)will be acquired without an external CS if the passage of time is a reliable signal for shock
C)will not be acquired if the only effect of a response is to reduce the rate of shocks
D)none of the above

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

This is because if the passage of time is a reliable signal for shock, the organism can learn to avoid the shock without an external CS. The other options are incorrect as they state that avoidance responding will not be acquired unless there is an external CS or that it will not be acquired if the only effect of a response is to reduce the rate of shocks, both of which are not always true.

Various Experiments Have Shown That Avoidance Responding