Putting participants in one of two conditions by flipping a coin illustrates

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Random assignment involves using chance to place participants into different groups or conditions, and flipping a coin is one example of a chance procedure that can be used to randomly assign participants into two groups. This helps to control for potential confounding variables and ensures that each group has an equal chance of being exposed to the independent variable. Random sampling, on the other hand, involves selecting a random sample of participants from a larger population, and representative sampling involves ensuring that the sample is representative of the population in some meaningful way. Sampling bias occurs when the sample is not representative of the population due to some systematic error or flaw in the sampling procedure.

Putting Participants in One of Two Conditions by Flipping a Coin