When Looking at Ingroup Similarity and Helping, Researchers Noted All

When looking at ingroup similarity and helping, researchers noted all of the following EXCEPT

A) people tend to help those that are perceived similar in a narrowly defined group.
B) people tend to help those that are perceived similar in an inclusive larger defined group.
C) one way to increase people's willingness to help others is to promote social identities that are more inclusive than exclusive.
D) one way to increase people's willingness to help others is to promote social identities that are more exclusive than inclusive.