When research participants are uncertain whether they are in the experimental or control group, but the researchers are aware which group each participant is in, the research study utilizes:

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This is a single-blind design, since the participants are blinded to their group assignment but the researchers are not. A double-blind design involves both the participants and researchers being blinded to group assignment, and a triple-blind design involves adding a second level of blinding such as having an independent third party manage the randomization process. Confounded variables are unrelated to blinding and refer to variables that may affect the outcome but are not controlled for in the study.

When Research Participants Are Uncertain Whether They Are in the Experimental