The Use of Federalism to Distribute Power Among Multiple Actors

The use of federalism to distribute power among multiple actors is an example of which of the five principles?

A) history, because the independence of U.S.states grew out of the combination of Spanish, French, and English colonies that met at the Constitutional Convention
B) institution, because it reflects the influence of structural design on political outcomes
C) collective action, because it helps state and federal authorities work together
D) rationality, because politicians wanted a system that offered them lots of opportunities to run for office
E) policy, because many actors saw their preferences overridden