Well into the twentieth century, most efforts by Congress to regulate commerce were blocked by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the idea of federalism, with the primary barrier being the concept of

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The Supreme Court's interpretation of federalism often blocked Congress from regulating commerce, with the primary barrier being the concept of interstate commerce. The Court held that only commerce that directly affected multiple states could be regulated by Congress, and not commerce that remained solely within one state. This limitation was gradually loosened over time, but it initially hampered attempts at federal regulation of various industries, such as labor and agriculture.

Well into the Twentieth Century, Most Efforts by Congress to Regulate