During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many cities and counties and even a few states had such well-organized political parties that they were called

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The term "party machines" was commonly used during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to refer to well-organized political parties in cities, counties, and even some states. These parties were characterized by their strong hierarchies, centralized control, and ability to mobilize voters and sway elections through patronage, graft, and other means. The term "party machine" thus reflects the authoritarian and often corrupt nature of these political organizations.

During the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, Many Cities and Counties