Diane Dodd raised different fruit fly populations on different food sources. She found that after about 40 generations the evolution of reproductive isolation was under way. The mechanism of evolution responsible for this was

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The fact that reproductive isolation was under way after about 40 generations suggests that natural selection was at work. Fruit flies with traits that were better adapted to their specific food source may have had higher fitness and were more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, this led to the accumulation of genetic differences that contributed to reproductive isolation. Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation could also be factors in evolution, but they do not specifically explain the observed reproductive isolation in this scenario.

Diane Dodd Raised Different Fruit Fly Populations on Different Food