In the second half of the 19th century,emphasis shifted from reform schools to the:

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The cottage system was the shift of emphasis in the second half of the 19th century from reform schools. The cottage system was a model where smaller groups of delinquents lived in home-like settings with trained staff who offered counseling and guidance as well as education and vocational training. This system was seen as a more humane and effective way of dealing with juvenile delinquency compared to the harsher reform schools of the past. The wilderness program, boot camp model, and electronic monitoring system are all more recent approaches to juvenile justice and were not developed until much later.

In the Second Half of the 19th Century,emphasis Shifted from Reform