In the context of expectancy theory, which of the following is a difference between expectancy and instrumentality?
A) Unlike instrumentality, when expectancies are strong, employees figure that no matter what they do or how hard they work, they will not be able to perform their jobs successfully, so they do not work harder.
B) Unlike expectancy, when instrumentality is weak, employees believe that improved performance will lead to better and more rewards, so they choose to work harder.
C) Expectancy is the perceived relationship between effort and performance, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards.
D) Expectancy is the attractiveness or desirability of various rewards or outcomes, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between effort and rewards.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Expectancy is the perceived relationship between effort and performance, while instrumentality is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards. Option A is incorrect because if employees think they cannot perform their jobs well, their expectancy will be weak, and they will not work hard. Option B is incorrect because it describes the relationship between instrumentality and valence. Option D is incorrect because it describes valence, which is the desirability of rewards or outcomes.

In the Context of Expectancy Theory, Which of the Following