The early twentieth century was a time of stark contrasts in the US prison system.

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The early twentieth century saw both progressive reforms, such as the introduction of indeterminate sentencing and parole, as well as harsh conditions in prisons, including overcrowding, abuse, and forced labor. These contrasts were particularly pronounced in the Southern prison system, which often relied on convict leasing programs and chain gangs.

The Early Twentieth Century Was a Time of Stark Contrasts