Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings.
-Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01)
-Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig.
-Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04)

-Matt,Dr.Oswald's research assistant,is discussing the findings of the study with some other students.He claims that the experience of more daily stress causes people to have lower life satisfaction.Which of the following causal criteria did Matt meet?
A)The covariance of cause and effect
B)Temporal precedence
C)Internal validity
D)External validity

Question

Dr.Oswald conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction.She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in the Memphis,Tennessee,area in the southern United States.Below are her findings.
-Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = -.57 ( p = .01)
-Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09,not sig.
-Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 ( p = .04)

-Matt,Dr.Oswald's research assistant,is discussing the findings of the study with some other students.He claims that the experience of more daily stress causes people to have lower life satisfaction.Which of the following causal criteria did Matt meet?
A)The covariance of cause and effect
B)Temporal precedence
C)Internal validity
D)External validity

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Matt's statement implies that there is a relationship between the experience of daily stress (cause) and life satisfaction (effect), which is supported by the covariance criterion. However, it does not meet the temporal precedence criterion, as we do not know whether experience of daily stress precedes low life satisfaction or the other way around. Internal and external validity are not relevant in this context.

DrOswald Conducts a Study Examining the Relationship Between the Number