Which of the following is true of instrumentation threats?
A)They are the same as testing threats.
B)They occur only when using mechanical instruments (e.g., blood pressure cuffs, scales).
C)They can be avoided with counterbalancing.
D)They are only problematic in observational research.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Instrumentation threats can occur when measurement instruments change over time or when different instruments are used at different times. Counterbalancing can help avoid these threats by balancing the effects of instrumentation across different experimental conditions.

Which of the Following Is True of Instrumentation Threats