Why Is the Percentage of Texans Who Vote Significantly Smaller

Why is the percentage of Texans who vote significantly smaller than the percentage of Americans in general who vote?

A) Institutions of political socialization in Texas do not promote voting.
B) Voting levels tend to be lower in states lacking competitive party systems.
C) The poverty rate in Texas is high and the poor tend not to vote.
D) The state's African American and Mexican American citizens are less likely to vote than Whites.
E) All of the above are factors.