The fact that social aggression in many mammalian species (e.g.,mice)occurs more frequently between males than between females is often attributed to the

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The organizational effects of testosterone refer to the long-term effects of testosterone during development, while the activational effects of testosterone refer to the short-term effects of testosterone on behavior or physiology. Both organizational and activational effects of testosterone are associated with social aggression in mammals, especially between males. Therefore, choice D, which includes both A and B, is the best choice. High levels of defensive attack by females (choice C) are not relevant to why social aggression occurs more frequently between males.

The Fact That Social Aggression in Many Mammalian Species (E