The study on subliminal messages cited in your textbook suggests that among the subjects,50% reported improvements in memory or self-esteem.The type of improvement,memory or self-esteem,was determined by:

Question

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The type of improvement (memory or self-esteem) was determined by the title of the recording, not the actual content of messages on the recording. This suggests that the subjects' beliefs and expectations about the recording played a role in the reported improvements, rather than the actual subliminal messages.

The Study on Subliminal Messages Cited in Your Textbook Suggests