Depending on the Surgical Defect,head and Neck Surgical Procedures to Remove

Depending on the surgical defect,head and neck surgical procedures to remove malignant tumors may also involve reconstructive procedures.The wound may be closed primarily,or local flaps and split-thickness skin grafts or full-thickness skin grafts may be used to restore function as well as cover defects.An important role of the perioperative nurse in the ongoing assessment of graft integrity includes which assessment tool?

A) Skin-adhering adhesive temperature probe to detect subtle changes in graft perfusion
B) Light-pressure skin blanch test for return perfusion and viability of graft
C) Use of intraoperative and postoperative Doppler to detect presence of blood flow
D) Interval flow cytometry readings of vascular perfusion to the graft