Osteoporosis is one of the most common and serious bone diseases and is responsible for more than 2 million fractures a year.Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip,spine,and wrist,but any bone can be affected.The excessive reduction of total bone mass in osteoporosis is due to:

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Osteoporosis is characterized by excessive loss of calcified matrix,bone mineral,and collagenous fibers,causing a reduction of total bone mass.Decreasing levels of estrogen and testosterone in the older adult result in reduced new bone growth and maintenance of existing bone.Inadequate intake of calcium or vitamin D; lack of weight-bearing activities,exercise,and physical activity; smoking; and caffeine intake are other contributing factors.

Osteoporosis Is One of the Most Common and Serious Bone