A 46-year-old woman with a second early-stage primary cancer in her left breast has elected to have a bilateral mastectomy with saline implants.She has requested that the surgeon also revise a small unsightly scar on her right knee and pierce her ears.While the patient's breast tumor could be treated with an excisional biopsy,she has decided to have a mastectomy of both breasts,which is considered an appropriate preemptive (preventative)surgery for a woman of her age with two primary cancers of the breast.The saline implant insertion surgery is considered a _______________ procedure,the scar revision is considered a ___________ procedure,and the ear piercing is considered a _______________ procedure.

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There are two different subspecialties of plastic surgery.Cosmetic surgery restores or reshapes normal structures of the body,to modify or improve appearance.Reconstructive surgery treats abnormal structures of the body caused by birth defects,developmental problems,disease,tumors,infection,or injury to restore function and correct disfigurement or scarring.Scar revision involves the rearranging or reshaping of an existing scar so that the scar is less noticeable.The simplest form of scar revision is excision of an existing scar and simple resuturing of the wound.

A 46-Year-Old Woman with a Second Early-Stage Primary Cancer in Her