Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)is a minimally invasive operative technique that has evolved over the past decade.It uses an endoscopic approach to visualize the thoracic cavity for diagnosis of pleural disease or treatment of pleural and lung conditions.In the adult,the surgeon creates a 2- to 3-cm incision between the ________ intercostal spaces for insertion of the 10- or 12-mm trocar.The trocar sites can also be used for insertion of a ____________.

Question

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The surgeon creates a 2- to 3-cm incision between the fifth and seventh intercostal spaces for insertion of the 10- or 12-mm trocar.The zero-degree telescope is inserted to view the site so that the approach can be determined.After the selected procedure,the surgeon inserts a chest tube through one of the surgical puncture sites and secures it to the skin.Trocar sites are closed,and small dressings or adhesive skin tapes are applied.

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)is a Minimally Invasive Operative Technique That