Assessing Blood Flow Through Diseased Vessels by Palpation Is Often

Assessing blood flow through diseased vessels by palpation is often difficult.Assessment of the patient's hemodynamic status during surgery can be further complicated by spasm of the vessel walls,the cool environment of the OR,and alterations in blood pressure.Vascular monitoring during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is critical to determine the quality of cerebral perfusion.What vascular monitoring device is employed during CEA and which important surgical need is determined by its results?

A) Doppler, need for embolectomy
B) Laser flow cytometry, need for increased intravenous (IV) fluids
C) Electromyogram (EMG) , need for muscle relaxants
D) Electroencephalogram (EEG) , need for a shunt