In traditional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB),systemic venous return to the heart flows by gravity drainage through cannulae placed in the superior and inferior venae cavae or through a single two-stage cannula in the RA into tubing connected to the bypass machine.Blood is oxygenated,filtered,warmed or cooled,and pumped back into the systemic circulation through a cannula placed in the:

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In traditional CPB circuits,systemic venous return to the heart flows by gravity drainage through cannulae placed in the superior and inferior venae cavae or through a single two-stage cannula in the RA into tubing connected to the bypass machine.Blood is oxygenated,filtered,warmed or cooled,and pumped back into the systemic circulation through a cannula placed in the ascending aorta or occasionally in the femoral artery or the axillary artery.

In Traditional Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB),systemic Venous Return to the Heart