The typical El Niño circulation causes deep ocean water to rise to the surface off the coast of Peru, delivering nutrients that support fish populations.

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El Niño is characterized by a weakening of the trade winds and a warming of the surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, which suppresses the upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water off the coast of Peru, negatively impacting fish populations.

The Typical El Niño Circulation Causes Deep Ocean Water to Rise