A Writ of Certiorari Is

A writ of certiorari is

A) the rule of precedent, whereby a rule or law contained in a judicial decision is commonly viewed as binding on judges whenever the same question is presented.
B) literally, a "friend of the court" brief, filed by an individual or organization to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate parties to a case.
C) a petition that allows a party to file "as a pauper" and avoid paying Court fees.
D) a formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court.
E) a court order requiring explanation to a judge why a prisoner is being held in custody.