A formal accusation by the lower house of a legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office, is called

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Impeachment is the formal accusation levied by the lower house of a legislature (such as the House of Representatives in the United States) against a public official, typically a high-ranking official such as the president or a federal judge. It is the first step in a process that could ultimately lead to removal from office.

A Formal Accusation by the Lower House of a Legislature