A study is done on the effect of surviving a tornado on children's self-esteem. Survivors are compared to others with a self-esteem test. This study applied the method of

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This study applied the method of a natural (or quasi-) experiment because the researcher did not manipulate a variable (the experience of surviving a tornado) but instead observed and compared naturally occurring groups (survivors and non-survivors). Additionally, it is unlikely that participants were randomly assigned to either group.

A Study Is Done on the Effect of Surviving a Tornado