When the father's exposure to toxic chemicals or radiation affects the baby's prenatal development, the harmful effects most often arise from

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

When the father is exposed to toxic chemicals or radiation, it can cause chromosomal damage in the sperm cells. This damaged DNA can be passed down to the baby during fertilization and can lead to birth defects or other harmful effects on prenatal development. Spouse beatings and psychological expectations may affect the health of the mother and indirectly affect the baby, but they do not directly cause chromosomal damage in sperm cells. Medications taken to counteract the substances' effects are not always effective and may have their own potential risks and side effects.

When the Father's Exposure to Toxic Chemicals or Radiation Affects