During the Age of Enlightenment, French philosopher René DesCartes declared that liberty could be secured only if government were divided into four distinct branches, with the ability to check and balance each other.

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While Descartes was a prominent Enlightenment philosopher, he did not propose a system of government with four branches. The idea of separation of powers and checks and balances was largely developed by political philosophers like Montesquieu during the Enlightenment period.

During the Age of Enlightenment, French Philosopher René DesCartes Declared