In 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission Announced $1

In 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced $1.4 billion in fines and disgorged profits against the nation's biggest and most powerful brokerage firms. At the root of the penalties was:

A) recommending stock to investors while privately criticizing the stocks.
B) buying stocks for the firm before making recommendations to clients.
C) failing to make investments requested by clients.
D) charging excess fees.