When Managing the Care of a Woman in the Second

When managing the care of a woman in the second stage of labor, the nurse uses various measures to enhance the progress of fetal descent. These measures include:

A) Encouraging the woman to try various upright positions, including squatting and standing.
B) Telling the woman to start pushing as soon as her cervix is fully dilated.
C) Continuing an epidural anesthetic so pain is reduced and the woman can relax.
D) Coaching the woman to use sustained, 10- to 15-second, closed-glottis bearing-down efforts with each contraction.