Question 1

Court orders for documents or witnesses outside a specific country are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Court orders for documents or witnesses outside a specific country are called extraterritorial subpoenas. A subpoena is an order to produce documents or witness testimony. When a subpoena is served outside the jurisdiction of the issuing court, it is known as an extraterritorial subpoena.

Question 2

The term ___________ refers to a normlessness or lack of attachment felt by some people toward their society.

Accepted Answer

Anomie refers to a normlessness or lack of attachment felt by some people toward their society. Synnomie is not a term used in sociology. Genocide refers to the intentional killing of a large group of people, typically of a particular ethnic group or nation. Anarchy refers to a state of disorder due to the absence of authority or a governing body.

Question 3

The __________ was established by consensus of the United Nations membership in 2002.It has jurisdiction over serious international crimes,such as genocide,war crimes,and crimes against humanity.

Accepted Answer

The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established by consensus of the United Nations membership in 2002. It is the first permanent, treaty-based and independent international criminal court that has jurisdiction over serious international crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The U.S. Supreme Court and Juvenile Court do not have jurisdiction over international crimes.

Question 4

The term __________ refers to the manufacture or distribution of controlled substances.

Accepted Answer

Drug trafficking specifically refers to the illegal manufacture or distribution of controlled substances. Human trafficking involves the illegal trade of human beings, trafficking in stolen property involves the illegal trade of stolen goods, and extortion and racketeering involve illegal attempts to obtain money or other benefits through threats or coercion.

Question 5

__________ systems,as are found throughout most of Europe,are the most common type and are based on legal rules or codes that are written to cover all possibilities of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Civil law systems, also known as continental law systems, are based on written codes and laws that cover all aspects of behavior. This type of legal system is prevalent in most of Europe, as well as countries influenced by European laws such as Latin America and parts of Africa. Common law systems, on the other hand, rely on past judicial decisions as a source of law and are found in countries such as the United States and England. Islamic law and socialist law are based on religious principles and political ideology, respectively, and are more limited in their geographic distribution.

Question 6

__________ involves the disguising of funds obtained from illegal activity,using banks or businesses,to make it appear as lawful income.

Accepted Answer

Money laundering is the act of disguising funds obtained from illegal activity to make it appear as lawful income. This is often done through banks or businesses in order to avoid detection by authorities. Counterfeiting involves producing fake currency or goods, commercialized vices refer to industries related to drugs, prostitution, or gambling, and corruption involves abuse of power for personal gain.

Question 7

__________ involves the systematic provision of illegal sexual or gambling services in violation of applicable laws.

Accepted Answer

Commercialized vices involve the systematic provision of illegal sexual or gambling services in violation of applicable laws. Money laundering involves disguising the proceeds of illegal activities as legitimate funds. Counterfeiting involves creating fake currency, documents, or products. Corruption involves the abuse of power for personal gain.

Question 8

The term ___________ refers to the sharing of values to the point of harmonious accommodation of divergent views.

Accepted Answer

The term synnomie refers to the sharing of values to the point of harmonious accommodation of divergent views. Anomie refers to a lack of moral or social norms, genocide refers to the intentional killing of a large group of people, and anarchy refers to the absence of government and law.

Question 9

The __________ interviews representative samples of citizens from around the world about their experiences with crime.

Accepted Answer

The International Crime Victim Survey interviews representative samples of citizens from around the world about their experiences with crime. The Bureau of Justice Statistics, Uniform Crime Reports, and National Incident-Based Reporting System focus on crime statistics within the United States.

Question 10

__________ systems,found in many Middle Eastern countries,are based in the Muslim religion,so they address acts against both God and individuals.

Accepted Answer

Islamic law or Sharia law is the legal system based on the religious principles of Islam. It addresses both personal behavior and public issues, and it covers spiritual, moral, and legal aspects of life. It is applied in many Middle Eastern countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan, among others. Civil law, common law, and socialist law are different legal systems found in Europe, America, and some Asian countries, and they are not based on religion.

Question 11

__________ involves the forged or faked documents or products intended to deceive the purchaser.

Accepted Answer

Counterfeiting involves the creation or distribution of fake or forged documents or products with the intention to deceive the purchaser. Money laundering refers to the process of making illegally obtained money appear legitimate, while commercialized vices refer to businesses that are legal but are considered morally objectionable. Corruption refers to the abuse of power for personal gain.

Question 12

The term __________ refers to the recruitment,transportation,or harboring of persons for the purpose of exploitation,such as prostitution and forced labor.

Accepted Answer

The term described in the question is human trafficking. The other options do not fit the definition of the exploitation of human beings.

Question 13

__________ systems control the distribution of property and power in a society in addition to addressing individual legal problems.

Accepted Answer

Socialist law systems not only address individual legal problems, but also control the distribution of property and power in a society. This is because socialist ideology views individual property rights as inferior to the needs of the collective society, and therefore seeks to redistribute property and power to achieve greater equality. Civil law, common law, and Islamic law focus more specifically on individual legal issues and do not have the same focus on broader societal distribution of property and power.

Question 14

__________ systems,the basis for both English and American law,are based on legal precedents established by both law and court decisions,so laws are continually refined by courts on a case-by-case basis.

Accepted Answer

Common law systems, which originated in England and form the basis for both English and American law, rely on legal precedents established by both law and court decisions. This means that laws are continually refined by courts on a case-by-case basis, rather than being dictated solely by written statutes.

Question 15

The term ___________ refers to intentionally destroying an ethnic,racial,national,or religious group in a systematic manner. .

Accepted Answer

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a particular ethnic, racial, national, or religious group in a systematic and preplanned manner. Synnomie and anomie are not relevant terms in this context, and anarchy refers to a lack of government or authority, not necessarily the destruction of a specific group.

Question 16

Crimes against the peace and security of mankind as defined by international agreements between countries,such as genocide and torture are referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

Crimes against the peace and security of mankind as defined by international agreements between countries are referred to as international crimes. Examples of such crimes include genocide and torture.

Question 17

Offenses in which the planning and execution of the crime involve more than one country are referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

Transnational crime refers to offenses that involve activities that transcend national boundaries and require the cooperation of law enforcement agencies across countries. This can include crimes such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, cybercrime, and money laundering. International crime may also be a valid term, but transnational more accurately describes the involvement of multiple countries in the planning and execution of the crime. National and local crime are not applicable terms in this context as they refer to offenses that occur within a single country or community.

Question 18

Obtaining the property of another or unfair competitive advantage due to threats of future physical injury,property damage,or exposure to criminal charges,as part of an ongoing criminal enterprise is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obtaining the property of another or unfair...

Question 19

The sale,distribution,or large-scale possession of property obtained in violation of the law is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

Trafficking in stolen property refers to the sale, distribution, or possession of property obtained through theft, robbery, or other criminal means. Drug trafficking refers to the illegal sale and distribution of drugs, while human trafficking involves the exploitation of individuals for labor or sexual purposes. Extortion and racketeering are forms of organized crime that involve obtaining money or other benefits through threats or intimidation.

Question 20

__________ involves the misuse of power or position for unlawful gain or advantage.

Accepted Answer

Corruption is the misuse of power or position for unlawful gain or advantage. Money laundering involves disguising illegal funds as legitimate, counterfeiting involves creating fake currency or goods, and commercialized vices refer to industries involved in illegal activities such as prostitution or drug trafficking, but none of these specifically involve the misuse of power or position.

Quiz 15: Comparative Criminal Justice