Which of the following is the most appropriate test to differentiate hemoglobin S trait from hemoglobin S disease?

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Hemoglobin electrophoresis is the most appropriate test to differentiate between hemoglobin S trait (heterozygous carrier) and hemoglobin S disease (homozygous carrier). This test separates the different types of hemoglobin based on their electrical charge and size, thus allowing for identification of hemoglobin variants such as HbS. Quantitation of hemoglobin A₂ is not specific enough to differentiate between these two conditions, as both can have elevated levels of HbA₂. Acid elution for HbF and solubility tests are not useful in distinguishing between HbS trait and disease.

Which of the Following Is the Most Appropriate Test to Differentiate