The president of a country has dedicated the bulk of the country's military power to an invasion of a neighboring country. For a time, the war seems to be going his way. Then the enemy begins to take the offensive, conducting massive encircling movements, taking tens of thousands of prisoners, and forcing whole divisions into retreat. Still the president presses on, ordering more troops to the front, in spite of protests from his generals. This is known as

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Escalation of commitment refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action. The expression "throwing good money after bad" captures this common decision-making error. Why do decision makers fall victim to this sort of error? They may feel an obligation to stick with their decision to avoid looking incompetent.

The President of a Country Has Dedicated the Bulk of the Country's