Which of the Following Has NOT Been Used as a Defense

Which of the following has NOT been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

A) Animal research has resulted in many benefits to both animals and humans.
B) Animal research requires less research funding than human research.
C) Animal researchers are in favor of protecting and even enhancing animal welfare.
D) Animal researchers continue to reduce the number of animals needed for animal research.
E) All of the above have been used as defenses.