The greatest occupational risks for exposure to hepatitis B virus are (1) blood and saliva contamination of cuts and cracks on the skin or ungloved hands or hands with torn gloves, (2) spraying of blood and saliva onto open lesions on the skin or onto mucous membranes.and (3):

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Injuries with contaminated sharps, such as needles or blades, can easily transmit hepatitis B virus. This is a common occupational risk among healthcare workers who may accidentally poke themselves with needles or other sharp instruments that have been used on infected patients.

The Greatest Occupational Risks for Exposure to Hepatitis B Virus