Question 1

When 10- to 15-year-olds in Papua New Guinea are asked to draw pictures of the human body, they are most likely to

Accepted Answer

In Papua New Guinea, there is a taboo against representing the human form in art. Therefore, when asked to draw pictures of the human body, children are most likely to either scribble or draw tadpole-like forms as an alternative.

Question 2

As a typical four-month-old, Dakota's attention process is best described as

Accepted Answer

At four months old, Dakota's attention process is not fully developed and may be caught by objects or stimuli in the environment that are new or interesting to them. They may not yet have the ability to focus solely on the most relevant items, and their attention is not yet adult-like. However, their attention process is not non-existent as they are able to react and respond to external stimuli.

Question 3

Rather than using the term critical period, it is more accurate to characterize the effects of early experience on vision as a "_____."

Accepted Answer

The term "sensitive period" better reflects the idea that during a certain window of time in development, the brain is particularly receptive to certain experiences and that these experiences have lasting effects on vision. This term suggests that while the brain can still learn and adapt after this window of time, it may not be as efficient or effective in doing so. Furthermore, the term "critical period" suggests that development is only possible during a brief period of time, which may not be accurate for all types of visual development.

Question 4

Which indicates that Maria has well-developed selective attention skills?

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on a specific task or stimuli while ignoring distractions. Maria's ability to pay attention to her teacher's voice while ignoring other students' voices indicates that she has well-developed selective attention skills.

Question 5

The most effective way to increase the performance of a young child on a task requiring attention skills would be to

Accepted Answer

Young children have limited attention spans and are easily distracted. Therefore, decreasing distractions (such as noise or movement) would be the most effective way to increase their performance on a task requiring attention skills. Increasing the complexity of the task (A) or the number of senses involved (B) may overwhelm the child and negatively impact their performance. Decreasing time spent on the task (D) may not allow the child enough time to fully engage with the task and develop their attention skills.

Question 6

Research by Hubel and Wiesel on visual deprivation in cats demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Hubel and Wiesel's research found that visual deprivation led to permanent vision loss in kittens but not adult cats. Adult cats who were visually deprived early in life still had functional visual systems, while kittens who were visually deprived had structural changes in their visual systems that prevented proper development.

Question 7

Research has shown that _____ need to be detected and corrected as early in life as possible.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that "both hearing and visual problems need to be detected and corrected as early in life as possible" based on research. Therefore, neither option A nor option B alone is the correct answer. Additionally, option D, which suggests that neither hearing nor visual problems need early detection and correction, contradicts the statement. Hence, the correct answer is C.

Question 8

_____ attention is best defined as deliberate concentration on one thing while ignoring something else.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the ability to focus on one stimulus or task while disregarding other irrelevant or distracting information. Divided attention refers to the ability to focus on multiple tasks or stimuli simultaneously. Reflexive attention is an automatic and involuntary shift of attention towards a stimulus that is potentially relevant or threatening. Cross-modal attention refers to the ability to shift attention between different sensory modalities, such as visual and auditory stimuli.

Question 9

Research has shown that children who undergo surgery for congenital cataracts, but who missed out on early visual experience,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has shown that children who undergo...

Question 10

The best definition of attention is that it involves

Accepted Answer

Attention involves a cognitive focus on something in particular, rather than just being unconsciously aware or randomly perceiving stimuli. Intuition is not a component of attention.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a typical change in attention during childhood?

Accepted Answer

A typical change in attention during childhood is that attention becomes more selective, with children being better able to focus on important information and filter out irrelevant distractions. Additionally, attention span tends to increase as children develop the ability to sustain focus for longer periods of time. Attention may also become more systematic as children learn strategies for organizing and processing information. However, attention becoming more focused on irrelevant objects is not a typical change and may be a sign of attention difficulties or distractibility.

Question 12

Lewis and Maurer (2005, 2009) provided evidence for multiple sensitive periods for vision that included all of the following EXCEPT a sensitive period for

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lewis and Maurer (2005, 2009) provided evidence...

Question 13

Which describes the "sleeper effect of early visual deficits?"

Accepted Answer

The sleeper effect of early visual deficits refers to the potential for a child who did not receive normal visual experience during infancy (such as due to congenital cataracts) to continue to have visual problems even after corrective surgery. This is because the lack of normal visual experience during a sensitive period in development can permanently impair the visual system's ability to process information.

Question 14

The fact that infants' attention seems to involve reacting to environmental stimulation (i.e., an item catches their attention) rather than being deliberately focused, illustrates the concept of a(n) _____ system.

Accepted Answer

The concept of infants' attention being reactive to environmental stimulation is consistent with the orienting system, which involves responding to new or unexpected events in the environment, rather than the intentional system, which involves intentionally focusing attention on specific stimuli. The term "dynamic" is too general and does not specifically reflect this concept. The term "fail-safe" does not relate to the concept of attention.

Question 15

Pearle was born with congenital cataracts. Her mother, Bailey, is a knowledgeable psychologist. As such, Bailey would know that in order to develop normal vision, Pearle should

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pearle was born with congenital cataracts. Her...

Question 16

Whose exploratory behavior would most likely just begin to involve exploring an item with both their eyes and hands?

Accepted Answer

According to developmental psychology, around 4-6 months old, infants begin to explore objects by using both their eyes and hands. This is called reaching behavior, and it allows them to obtain more information about the object's properties and build their understanding of the world around them. Therefore, the 6-month-old Dick would be the most likely to engage in this exploratory behavior.

Question 17

When asked whether it is important for some sensory damage (e.g., congenital cataract) in an infant be treated early, a competent physician would say,

Accepted Answer

Early intervention is crucial to achieving the best results in treating sensory damage such as congenital cataract. The brain's development is dependent on sensory input, and the longer a child goes without receiving visual information, the more difficult it may be for them to develop normal visual processing abilities later on. Therefore, it is important to treat it as early as possible.

Question 18

All of the major sensory systems begin to function

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that all of the major sensory systems, including touch, taste, smell, hearing, and vision, begin to function before birth. However, the extent to which they are fully developed varies and continues to develop after birth.

Question 19

Whose exploratory behavior would most likely involve mouthing an object to learn more about it?

Accepted Answer

Mouthing objects is a common way for infants to explore and learn about their environment. This behavior is most commonly seen in infants between the ages of 2 to 8 months. Therefore, the best choice would be 2-month-old Rachael.

Question 20

Perceptual development

Accepted Answer

Perceptual development is influenced by cultural differences due to socialization differences. Different cultures may have different priorities and experiences that shape their perceptual abilities and preferences. For example, some cultures may prioritize visual processing while others may prioritize auditory processing. Socialization also plays a role in what sensory information is deemed important and attended to, leading to differences in perceptual abilities across cultures.

Quiz 6: Sensation, Perception, and Attention