If Rachel wants to help her son Ray develop a mastery motivation orientation, she should

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Encouraging her son to do things well will promote a mastery motivation orientation, where the focus is on personal growth, improvement, and the desire to master skills and tasks. De-emphasizing the importance of self-reliance or not offering guidance could lead to learned helplessness, where Ray may feel like his efforts don't matter. Praising him lavishly for poor performance could lead to a performance orientation, where the focus is on getting external validation rather than personal growth and improvement.

If Rachel Wants to Help Her Son Ray Develop a Mastery