Question 1

_____ is an important nutrient for the transport of oxygen in blood and in muscle tissue and in energy transformation reactions.

Accepted Answer

Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which carries oxygen to tissues throughout the body. Iron is also involved in energy metabolism and helps to create ATP, the body's primary energy source.

Question 2

Which of the following is not usually a factor that puts an athlete at higher risk for developing iron-deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Drinking orange juice when consuming iron-rich foods actually enhances absorption of the iron, so it would not put an athlete at higher risk for developing iron-deficiency anemia. The other factors listed are all potential risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia in athletes.

Question 3

What is the name of the process by which glucose is regenerated from lactate?

Accepted Answer

The process by which glucose is regenerated from lactate is called the Cori cycle, which involves the conversion of lactate produced by anaerobic metabolism in muscle tissues to glucose in the liver. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to produce energy, while the TCA cycle is involved in the breakdown of pyruvate to produce energy. Fatty acid oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce energy, and metabolism is a broad term that encompasses all chemical reactions in the body.

Question 4

Activities lasting longer than 20 minutes will gradually start using more ______ for fuel and less ______.

Accepted Answer

During prolonged activities, the body gradually shifts from using glucose as the primary source of fuel to using more fat, in order to preserve glucose levels for as long as possible.

Question 5

Which of the following will best accelerate glycogen storage after physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is the main energy source for athletes during high-intensity exercise, and it gets depleted during prolonged or intense workouts. Consuming a high carbohydrate snack within 2 hours after exercise completion is the best choice to replenish glycogen stores, as carbohydrates are converted into glucose and stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver. Fat and protein do not provide a direct source of glycogen, and sports drinks may not provide enough carbohydrates for adequate glycogen replenishment.

Question 6

It's recommended that an athlete consume ______ of calories from fat.

Accepted Answer

It's recommended that an athlete consume 20 to 35 percent of calories from fat. This range provides enough fat for energy and other metabolic functions, while also allowing for a sufficient intake of carbohydrates and protein. Consuming less than 20 percent of calories from fat can be detrimental to an athlete's health and performance, while consuming more than 35 percent of calories from fat can lead to excessive weight gain and other health issues.

Question 7

What cellular structure is responsible for producing ATP for energy?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for producing ATP in the cell through cellular respiration.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a property of conditioned muscles?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 9

Intake of ________ enhances protein synthesis following physical activity.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate and protein together enhance protein synthesis after physical activity. Carbohydrates stimulate insulin release which helps drive amino acids into the muscles, while protein provides the essential amino acids needed for building and repairing muscle tissue. Fat and water do not play a significant role in protein synthesis after physical activity.

Question 10

________ is considered a temporary,adaptive response to strenuous activity that is noticeable in blood hemoglobin values but does not impair physical performance.

Accepted Answer

Sports anemia is a temporary, adaptive response to strenuous activity where blood hemoglobin values decrease. This decrease does not impair physical performance, and it is not actually anemia as there is no deficiency of iron or red blood cells. The body simply adapts to the physical stress of exercise.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about taking vitamin and mineral supplements directly before competition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a correct...

Question 12

Dietary protein needs of an athlete can best be met by consuming _________.

Accepted Answer

Consuming moderate amounts of high-quality protein in 4 to 5 small meals each day is the most effective way to meet an athlete's protein needs. This allows for optimal muscle protein synthesis and prevents muscle breakdown. Consuming excessive amounts of protein or relying on protein supplements may not provide additional benefits and may even have negative consequences for overall health. The recommendation of 1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight is outdated and may not be sufficient for athletes, while consuming over 2.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight is unnecessary and potentially harmful. Consuming meat, poultry, or fish at every meal is also not necessary, as plant-based sources of protein can also be effective in meeting an athlete's needs.

Question 13

_______ are the dietary nutrients most effective at raising muscle glycogen concentrations.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the most effective dietary nutrient at raising muscle glycogen concentrations. This is because carbs are broken down by the body into glucose, which is then stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen. Consuming carbohydrates after exercise can help to replenish depleted glycogen stores and provide the body with energy for future workouts. Fats and proteins do not contribute significantly to glycogen replenishment, whereas chromium, iron, sodium, and potassium have other important roles in the body but are not directly involved in glycogen storage.

Question 14

While athletes are encouraged to eat a diet high in antioxidant-rich foods,research findings are conflicting in regards to ________ as a way to prevent against exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Accepted Answer

Research findings are conflicting regarding vitamin E supplementation as a method to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress, with some studies showing benefits and others showing no effect or potential harm.

Question 15

________ signals the fat cells to begin releasing their fatty acids during physical activity.

Accepted Answer

During physical activity, the body releases epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, which signals the fat cells to begin releasing their fatty acids. This provides the body with additional energy to sustain the physical activity.

Question 16

The increased energy demands from regular,strenuous activity typically _______.

Accepted Answer

Regular, strenuous activity increases energy demands and typically requires an increase in food intake to meet those demands. However, it is important to select nutrient-dense foods to ensure that additional nutrient needs are also met. Nutrient supplementation may be necessary in some cases, but it is not typically required for individuals engaging in regular, strenuous activity. Decreased appetite is not a typical response to regular, strenuous activity.

Question 17

Consuming a sports beverage to obtain carbohydrates is recommended _______.

Accepted Answer

Consuming a sports beverage to obtain carbohydrates is recommended during exhausting endurance activities lasting more than 1 hour. This is because during such activities, the body's glycogen stores become depleted, and carbohydrates from the sports beverage can help replenish those stores and provide energy to the working muscles. It is not necessary to consume a sports beverage during all vigorous training activities or just before "hitting the wall," and waiting until activities continue past 40 minutes may be too late for optimal fueling. Consuming a sports beverage only during competition may not provide sufficient fueling during prolonged or intense activities leading up to the competition.

Question 18

Which activity is most likely to be fueled primarily by lactic acids?

Accepted Answer

The 400-meter run is an activity that typically lasts between 45 to 60 seconds, which is long enough to require significant anaerobic energy production, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid. This is because the body's demand for energy exceeds the oxygen supply, and it relies on glycolysis, which produces lactic acid as a byproduct.

Question 19

Mary is 15 years old and has just joined her high school swim team.After the first three months of training and competing,her coach sends the team for mandatory physical examinations and routine blood tests.When Mary got home,she told her mom that the team physician prescribed her a daily iron supplement to take.What condition does Mary most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Since Mary has been prescribed an iron supplement, it is likely that she has iron-deficiency anemia. This is a common condition in athletes, especially female athletes, due to the increased demand for iron to support the growth of red blood cells and the loss of iron through sweat and menstrual blood.

Question 20

The phenomenon known as "hitting the wall" occurs in athletes when _____ is depleted.

Accepted Answer

"Hitting the wall" occurs when an athlete's glucose stores are depleted, leading to a decrease in energy production and physical exhaustion.

Quiz 14: Fitness: Physical Activity,Nutrients and Body Adaptations