Miriam Glass is a 78-year-old female scheduled for compression nail insertion of a left fractured hip.She was positioned for a spinal injection to induce spinal anesthesia.During the process,the anesthesia provider inadvertently inserted the spinal needle into the subarachnoid space,not noticing the error until the entire syringe of lidocaine was emptied into the patient.Miriam immediately experienced rapid onset of hypotension,bradycardia,and apnea.Miriam's unintentional condition is called __ and now must be managed with _.

Question

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Subarachnoid injection occurs if the needle or catheter is unintentionally inserted into the subarachnoid space.If a large volume of local anesthetic is injected as a bolus,it causes "total spinal" anesthesia.This condition is associated with a rapid onset of hypotension caused by vasodilation and profound bradycardia,as the sympathetic nerves to the heart are blocked,causing a totally paralyzed patient.Treatment includes intubation,control of ventilation,support of blood pressure and the cardiovascular system,and administration of amnestic drugs until the block resolves.

Miriam Glass Is a 78-Year-Old Female Scheduled for Compression Nail