Osteoporosis is one of the most common and serious of bone diseases and is responsible for more than 2 million fractures a year.Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip,spine,and wrist,but any bone can be affected.The excessive reduction of total bone mass in osteoporosis is due to the loss of:

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Osteoporosis is characterized by excessive loss of calcified matrix,bone mineral,and collagenous fibers,causing a reduction of total bone mass.Decreasing levels of estrogen and testosterone in the older adult results in reduced new bone growth and maintenance of existing bone.Inadequate intake of calcium or vitamin D;lack of weight-bearing activities,exercise,and physical activity;smoking;and caffeine intake are other contributing factors.Osteoporotic bone is porous,brittle,and fragile,fracturing easily under stress.This results in susceptibility to spontaneous fractures and pathologic curvature of the spine.

Osteoporosis Is One of the Most Common and Serious of Bone