Which one of these increases a firm's number of shares outstanding without changing its owners' equity?

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A stock split increases a firm's number of shares outstanding without changing its owners' equity. This is because a stock split is essentially a division of each existing share into multiple shares, which increases the number of shares outstanding while keeping total equity the same. In contrast, share repurchases decrease the number of shares outstanding and increase the value of remaining shares, while special and liquidating dividends distribute excess cash to shareholders and may decrease owners' equity. Tender offers involve a company offering to buy back shares from shareholders, which can also lead to a decrease in shares outstanding and/or changes in owners' equity.

Which One of These Increases a Firm's Number of Shares