The process of point mutational change in the surface proteins of viruses.

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Antigenic drift refers to the process of point mutational changes in the surface proteins of viruses, leading to antigenic variation and escape from neutralization by previously generated antibodies. This mechanism is responsible for the periodic emergence of new strains of influenza viruses, which may cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Antibody drift refers to the gradual change in the composition of antibodies produced by the immune system, as a result of genetic recombination and somatic hypermutation during B cell maturation. Receptor modification, antigen destabilization, and antibody destabilization are not recognized as established mechanisms of viral evolution.

The Process of Point Mutational Change in the Surface Proteins