Cases that are not resolved through plea bargaining or by a jury trial are decided by a judge in a:

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A bench trial is a trial in which a judge, not a jury, decides the outcome of a case. This is used in cases where the defendant waives their right to a jury trial or in cases where a jury cannot be impaneled. A grand jury is used to determine whether there is enough evidence to indict a defendant. Indictment is the formal charge against the defendant. Arraignment is the initial appearance of the defendant in court where they are informed of the charges against them and enter a plea.

Cases That Are Not Resolved Through Plea Bargaining or by a Jury