From biblical times through the eighteenth century,____ was the dominant justification for punishment.

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Retribution, also known as "an eye for an eye" was the dominant justification for punishment during this time period. The idea was that a wrongdoer should be punished in a way that was proportional to the harm they caused, in order to restore social balance and satisfy a sense of justice. This approach was predominant in religious traditions such as Judaism and Christianity, and was also reflected in secular legal systems throughout history.

From Biblical Times Through the Eighteenth Century,____ Was the Dominant